桃園農田水利研究發展基金會

Plan Name

Accounting on the Externalities of Rice Paddy Irrigation and Drainage Systems

計畫編號

92-1-01

類別

總務類

摘要

加強與國際灌溉管理研究所(IWMI)合作計畫，於交流合作部分本年度共計於一月間完成泰國水稻田參觀考察行程一次，三月間與IWMI人員參加第三屆世界水論壇會議，發表共同研究成果，並於十一月間由國際灌溉排水協會台灣分會(International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage-Chinese Taipei Committee)與IWMI於台灣舉辦亞洲地區研討會(Asian Regional Workshop)等合作事宜。
　　關於台灣水稻田灌溉外在機能效益價值之探討，在儲蓄洪水機能方面，推估其外在機能效益價值為新台幣37.04億元;而在補注地下水之資源涵養功能部分，其外在機能效益價值經估算達新台幣102.92億元;水稻田灌溉系統減少地層下陷所衍生之社會成本經推估為新台幣540億元;水稻種植對大氣中氧氣的補充量其貨幣化效益價值為新台幣60.74億元;藉由遙測及CVM調查方式，獲得台灣地區水稻田可降低環境溫度，其外在機能效益價值為新台幣289.52億元;水稻田提供了緣美化環境與休間遊憩的功能，而所提供的農村休閒遊憩機能的外在機能效益價值為新台幣306.02億元。綜合此六項外在機能效能價值貨幣化計算結果，水稻田及其灌溉系統所具有之公益效能價值為新台幣1,336.24億元﹐相對於九十年度稻米生產總值約為新台幣328.28億元，顯示水稻田及其灌溉系統對環境及社會之潛在貢獻的評估價值達稻米總生產值4.07倍之多。
　　本研究亦進行台灣與日韓兩國在水稻田外在機能效益研究的比較，針對在防洪、地下水涵養、防止土壤流失、水質淨化、空氣淨化與農村休閒遊憩機能等外在機能效益項目，可得日本的評估價值為新台幣2.3兆元，韓國為新台幣5,419億元，及台灣為新台幣506.72億元。再分別與各國GDP(國內生產毛額)作比較，可以得出水稻田外在機能總效益值相對其GDP值，分別為日本1.67%，韓國3.84%，與台灣的0.54%。結果顯示日韓兩國數據皆大於台灣，此與其對水稻田外在機能研究中項次完備有極大關係，因此要能更廣泛探討台灣水稻田所具有外在公益效能，並進行合理性價值化研究，應是未來更重要的研究目標之一。

Abstract

The "Collaborative Research on the Improvement of Operation and Management between Council of Agriculture and International Water Management Institute" project has completed three technical exchange and collaborative visiting tasks: 1) visiting paddy rice cultivation in Thailand in January; 2) participating and presenting research results in the Third World Water Forum held in Kyoto, Japan; 3) holding the Asian Regional Workshop with the Chinese Taipei Committee, International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage to promote water resources conservation and paddy cultivation.
　　The collaborative research part of the project has quantitatively evaluated the public benefits and external contribution of rice paddy and the associated irrigation and drainage systems. It was evaluated a total of 3.7 billion NT dollars for flood prevention function, and the function of fostering ground water resources was evaluated 10.3 billion NT dollars. The function of reducing land subsidence and reducing society cost due to paddy irrigation was evaluated to be 54 billion NT dollars. The function of air purification due to growth of paddy rice was evaluated 6.07 billion NT dollars while the environmental temperature mitigation function appraised by remote sensing and the CVM methods was determined to be 28.95 billion NT dollars. The six public benefit functions were evaluated to a total of 133.62 billion NT dollars, while the annual productive value of paddy rice was 32.82 billion NT dollars in 2001. It is showed that the external value of rice paddy and the irrigation and drainage systems is 4.07-fold higher than the value of rice.
　　Comparisons of the public benefits of paddy rice among the Asian rice-growing countries: Taiwan, Japan, and Korea were also made in this study. The public benefits for the flood prevention, water resources fostering, prevention soil erosion, water purification, air purification, and rural recreational functions were 2,300 billion, 541.9 billion, and 50.67 billion NT dollars for Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, respectively. It is equivalent to 1.67%, 3.84%, and 0.54% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, respectively. The higher percentage numbers of Japan and Korea were mainly due to the items selected in the comparison. It is important to further extend the study to rationally cover more public benefit items for the paddy fields and the associated irrigation systems in the future.

計畫主持人

譚智宏

Project Director

Tan,Chih-Hung

關鍵字

灌溉與排水、外在效益、國際灌溉管理研究所

Keywords

Irrigation and Drainage、Externality、International Water Management Institute

成果報告