桃園農田水利研究發展基金會

Plan Name

Effect of Cropping System and Irrigation Schemes on Yield and Quality of Crops in Paddy Field of Northern Area

計畫編號

84-2-05

類別

灌溉營運管理類

摘要

探討不同灌溉方法在單期作及雙期作稻田之耕作制度下對不同作物之產量的影響，並測量作物之需水量，藉以求得水資源高效率利用。本年度目標:探討在不同栽培制度下，水稻、綠肥、瓜類或旱作之需水量，進而探討不同灌溉方法對其產量及品質之影響。(1)實施地點:桃園區農業改良場內黏質壤土區。(2)參試作物:水稻、綠肥、西瓜、甘薯及甜玉米。(3)試驗設計:三種耕作制度為主區，三種灌溉及三種旱作為小區，四重複，小區面積為9.4x20.2m，共3x3x4=36小區。(4)試驗方法:三種耕作制度為A.雙期作水稻做對照。B﹒水稻(插秧期為4月上旬)、西瓜、甘薯及甜玉米(秋作) C﹒西瓜、甘薯及甜玉米(春作) - 水稻(插秧期為7月上旬)在秋冬雨季問，若種植時期許可下，將種植綠肥(田菁)。田菁之播種量為每公頃25公斤，不施用任何肥料;甘薯之行株距為100x2Scm，肥料用量為每公頃堆肥1噸、硫銨100公斤、過磷酸鈣250公斤、氯化鉀150公斤，在整地作哇時堆肥及過磷酸鈣全量、鉀肥與氮肥半量作基肥用，另鉀肥與氮肥半量在插值後一個月中耕時作追肥用;甜玉米之行株距為80x25cm，肥料用量為播種前每公頃施用基肥硫銨200公斤、過磷酸鈣350公斤、氯化鉀100公斤，播種後25~30天每公頃施用第一次追肥硫銨200公斤、氯化鉀50公斤，播種後50天每公頃施用第二次追肥硫銨200公斤;水稻之行株距為30x15cm，肥料用量為第一期作每公頃硫銨600公斤、過磷酸鈣300公斤、氯化鉀80公斤，第二期作每公頃硫銨500公斤、過磷酸鈣200公斤、氯化鉀100公斤，其中25%氮肥及全量磷肥作基肥，20%氮肥及40%鉀肥作第一次追肥，30%氮肥及60%鉀肥作第二次追肥，剩25%氮肥作穗肥用。田菁、西瓜、甘薯及甜玉米以一般慣行法實施灌溉。雙期作水稻副區採三種處理—A.全期湛水狀態(水深保持3~5公分)B.輪流灌溉。C﹒適期灌溉(現行灌溉法)D﹒水旱輪作區之水稻採適期灌溉法。

Abstract

Field experiments were conducted in the second crop of 1997 and first crop of 1998 to investigate the effect of cropping systems on crops yield in the northern area paddy. Three cropping systems, rice-rice, rice-upland crops, and upland crops-rice were involved in this experiment. Three irrigation methods ,continous flow irrigation, rotation irrigation and timely irrigation methods were tested. The expimental results showed that the continous flow irrigation method always consumed more water ( 20730 and 18485 m3/ha for 1st crop of 1997 and 2nd crop of 1998, respectively) than rotation irrigation method ( 12876 and 7204 m3 / ha, respectively) and timely irrigation method ( 12740 and 12791 m3 / ha , respectively). Furthermore, the continous flow irrigation method decreased effective tiller number and seed setting of rice resulted in lower yeild (decreased 2.4~6.0% than timely method). The continous irrigation and rotation irrigation method decreased rice yield because it was without the soil-drying treatment during growth period. Then the best irrigation method is timely method which is kept various depth of water and suspension of water to dry on the field in growing season. Moreover timely irrigation can not only get heigher production but also saved a lot of water.The experimental result also showed sweet corn and sweet potato only need 1820 m3 / ha and 2737 m3 / ha for fall crop of 1997, respectively. Because there are dry season at autumn and winter in Taiwan. Thus in order to conserve water resource, We suggest that during dry season, from September to the January of next year, is the season for growing upland crops.

計畫主持人

張學琨

Project Director

Shueh-Kun Chang

關鍵字

耕作制度、灌溉方法、作物產量、品質

Keywords

Cropping System、Irrigation Schemes、Yield、Quality of Crops

成果報告